Dynamic switching of power levels in device having different wireless communication circuits

ABSTRACT

A method can include an integrated circuit device, determining if first communication circuits are operating in a first mode that wirelessly receives data at a first rate or a second mode that wirelessly receives data at a second rate that is lower than the first rate. If the first communication circuits are operating in the second mode, transmitting signals with the second communication circuits at a first power level, and if operating in the first mode, transmitting signals with the second communication circuits at a second power level that is lower than the first power level. In the first mode, X symbols per data bit are received and in the second mode, Y symbols per data bit are received, where X&lt;Y. Corresponding devices and methods are also disclosed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to wireless systems, and moreparticularly to systems having devices with collocated communicationcircuits that can communicate according to different standards and/orprotocols over a same medium.

BACKGROUND

A combination device can include wireless circuits that are compatiblewith different standards. One example of a conventional combinationdevice is a device that includes circuits compatible with a Bluetooth(BT) standard as well as an IEEE 802.11 wireless standard (referred toherein as WiFi). In a conventional BT/WiFi combination device,communication circuits can share a same 2.4 GHz band. WiFi circuits canoperate over channels of relatively large size (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz).BT circuits can frequency hop between different relatively smallerchannels, depending upon mode. In a standard (i.e., classic) BT mode, 1MHz channels can be selected from 80 possible channels, while in a BTlow energy (LE) mode, 2 MHz channels can be selected from 40 possiblechannels. BT LE can include a standard LE mode (referred to BT LE) aswell as a long-range mode, also called “coded PHY” (referred to as BTLR).

The BT LR mode can extend an effective range of the BT radio circuitsthrough redundancy in encoding. This can include using more symbols perdata bit (e.g., 2 or 8), as well as encoding for forward errorcorrection (FEC) by the receiving device. In the BT LR mode, a BT devicecan transmit at the same power level as BT LE, thus advantageouslymaintaining a relatively low amount of power consumption. However, a BTLR data transmission rate can be slower than that of a BT LE datatransmission rate.

A drawback to conventional combination devices can be the necessity toshare the same 2.4 GHz band. In a combination device, the differentradio circuits (i.e., BT and WiFi) are space constrained, and theirtransmissions can interfere with one another. The operation of thedifferent radio circuits at the same time can lead to higher packeterror rates for both radio circuits. One conventional approach toaddressing this issue can be to reduce the transmission power of theWiFi circuits. A drawback to this solution is the resulting reduction inrange for WiFi connections.

Another example of a combination device can be a device havingultrawideband (UWB) communication circuits, which can operate in a widerange (e.g., 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz), and communication circuits thatoverlap the range (e.g., IEEE 802.11n operating in the 5 GHz ISM band).UWB communication circuits can include both low rate pulse (LRP) andhigh rate pulse (HRP) modes of operation.

It would be desirable to arrive at some way of improving the performanceof a combination device that does suffer from the drawbacks ofconventional solutions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A to 1C are a series of diagrams showing a system andcorresponding operations according to embodiments.

FIGS. 1D to 1F are a series of diagrams showing a system andcorresponding operations according to additional embodiments.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a system with a Bluetooth (BT)—IEEE802.11 wireless (WiFi) combination device and operations according toembodiments.

FIGS. 2C and 2D are diagrams showing another system with a BT—WiFicombination device and operations according to additional embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a combination device according to anembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a combination device according to anotherembodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a BT—WiFi combination device according toan embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a BT—WiFi combination device according toanother embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method for dynamically varying transmitpower of one wireless circuit in response to the mode of anotherwireless circuit according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a method for dynamically varying WiFitransmit power according to BT operations according to an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method for notifying WiFi circuits of BTLong Range (LR) operations according to an embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a method for assigning different BTtransmission power levels in a BT—WiFi combination device, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram of a combination device according to an embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system according toan embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to embodiments, systems and devices can include differentcommunication circuits, collocated on the same device, that share awireless band. A first of the communication circuits can have a modethat increases a link reliability and/or range through encoding (e.g.,uses more symbols per transmitted data bit and/or encodes for forwarderror correction (FEC)). When the first communication circuits areoperating in the increased reliability mode, collocated secondcommunication circuits can transmit at a higher power. When firstcommunication circuits are not operating in the higher reliability/rangemode, the second communication circuits can transmit at a lower power.In this way, the second communication circuits can dynamically varytransmit power based the operating mode of the collocated firstcommunication circuits.

According to embodiments, if first communication circuits are operatingin the higher reliability/range mode, a receive power for the firstcommunication circuits can be lowered. If the first communicationcircuit are not operating in the higher reliability/range mode, areceive power can be increased. In this way, signal power to the firstcommunication circuits can dynamically varied based on their mode ofoperation.

In some embodiments, the first communication circuits can be compatiblewith a Bluetooth standard, and the higher reliability/range mode can bea Bluetooth Low Energy coded PHY mode (i.e., BT long range (BT LR)).Second communication circuits can be compatible with an IEEE 802.11wireless standard operating in the 2.4 GHz band.

In the various embodiments below, like items are referred to by the samereference characters, but with the leading digit(s) corresponding to thefigure number.

FIGS. 1A to 1C are diagrams showing a system 100 and correspondingoperations according to embodiments. A system 100 can include acombination device 102, which can be in wireless communication with anumber of first type devices (108-0 to -2) and second type devices110-0/1. First type devices (108-0 to -2) can operate according to afirst standard (Std1). Second type devices (108-0 to -2) can operateaccording to a second standard (Std2). A first standard Std1, can have afirst mode Std1(non-FEC) and a second mode Std1(FEC). In mode Std1(FEC),data can be encoded for greater reliability and/or range. As but oneexample, data can be encoded for a forward error correction (FEC)algorithm executed by a receiving device. However, this should not beconstrued as limiting. Any suitable coding that improvesreliability/range over the other mode Std1(non-FEC) can be utilized. Inthe embodiment of FIGS. 1A to 1C, device 108-0 is configured to operatein in the Std1(non-FEC) mode and devices 108-1/2 are configured tooperate in the Std1(FEC) mode.

Combination device 102 can include first communication circuits 104 andsecond communication circuits 106. First communication circuits 104 canoperate according to Std1 and can establish links with first-typedevices (108-0 to -2). Second communication circuits 106 can operateaccording to Std2 and can communicate with second type devices(110-0/1). Second communication circuits 106 can transmit data at two ormore different power levels, including a lower transmission power leveland a higher transmission power level.

FIGS. 1A to 1C show a number of effective range limits for transmissionsfrom combination device 102. Limit 111-0 can be an effective range limitfor reception or transmission by first communication circuits 104 inmode Std1(non-FEC). Limit 111-1 can be an effective range limit fortransmission of mode Std1(FEC) for first communication circuits 104.Limit 111-2 can be an effective range limit for a transmission ofaccording to Std2 by second communication circuits 112-0, at a lowertransmission power level.

Operations of the system 100 will now be described.

Referring to FIG. 1A, first communication circuits 104 can be incommunication with first type device 108-0, which can includetransmissions according to the Std1(non-FEC) mode 114-0. To avoiddisturbing communications 114-0 with first type device 108-0, secondcommunication circuits 106 can transmit a lower power 112-0. In theembodiment shown, lower power transmissions 112-0 can adequately servicesecond type device 110-0, but may not reach, or provide only reduceddata rates to the other second type device 110-1 (as it is beyondeffective range 111-2).

Referring to FIG. 1B, first communication circuits 104 can switch fromcommunicating with first type device 108-0 in mode Std1(non-FEC) tofirst type device 108-1 in the more robust mode Std1(FEC). In responseto such a change, second communication circuits 106 can switch totransmitting at a lower power level (e.g., 112-0) to transmitting at ahigher power level 112-1. In the embodiment shown, higher powertransmissions 112-1 can adequately service all second type devices ofthe system, including device 110-1 beyond range 111-2. Because firstcommunication circuits 104 are operating in the Std1(FEC) mode, theconnection will be robust enough to maintain performance despite anyinterference presented by higher power transmissions 112-1. In the eventfirst communication circuits 104 switch back to the Std1(non-FEC) mode,second communication circuits 106 can return to transmitting at thelower power (e.g., 112-0). In this way, second communication circuits106 can dynamically switch between lower and higher transmitting powerbased on the first communication circuits mode of operation.

In some embodiments, a combination device 102 can switch between lowerand higher power transmissions based on both a mode of operation and thequality of the connection. An example of such an operation is shown inFIG. 1C.

Referring to FIG. 1C, first communication circuits 104 can switch fromcommunicating with first type device 108-1, in the more robust modeStd1(FEC), to communicating with another first type device 108-2 in thesame robust mode Std1(FEC). However, a connection with first type device108-2 can be of lower quality than that of first type device 108-1. Asbut one example, first type device 108-2 can be beyond range limit111-0. Consequently, higher power transmissions 112-1 by secondcommunication circuits 106 can interfere with communications to firsttype device 108-2. Second communications circuit 106 can be aware of, orby notified by first communication circuits 104, that whiletransmissions are being made at a more robust mode (i.e., Std1(FEC)),the target device (i.e., 108-2) is not sufficiently in range. As aresult, second communication circuits 106 can switch to a lowertransmitting power 112-0, to thereby reduce any interference with theconnection 114-2 to first type device 108-2. In the event firstcommunication circuits 104 switch to another first type devicecommunicating in same mode Std1(FEC) but with a higher qualityconnection (e.g., device 108-1), second communication circuits 106 candynamically switch back to higher power transmissions (e.g., 112-1).

FIGS. 1D to 1F are diagrams showing a system 100′ and correspondingoperations according to additional embodiments. A system 100′ caninclude items like those of FIGS. 1A to 1D, however, only one secondtype device 110 is shown, and range limit 111-2 is not shown.Combination device 102 can include first communication circuits 104 andsecond communication circuits 106. As in the case of FIGS. 1A to 1C,first communication circuits 104 can operate in the standard mode (i.e.,Std1(non-FEC)) and the more robust mode (i.e., Std1(FEC)). Further, inmode Std1(FEC), first communication circuits 104 can receive data at twoor more different power levels, including a lower reception power level114-21 and a higher reception power level 114-20.

Operations of the system 100′ will now be described.

Referring to FIG. 1D, first communication circuits 104 can be incommunication with first type device 108-0 in the standard mode (i.e.,Std1(non-FEC)). At the same time, second communication circuits 106 maybe in communication with a second type device 110. To ensure performanceof the link with first type device 108-0, first communication circuits104 can receive data at the higher power level 114-0.

Referring to FIG. 1E, first communication circuits 104 can switch fromcommunicating with first type device 108-0 in mode Std1(non-FEC) tofirst type device 108-1 in the more robust mode Std1(FEC). Because thelink is now more robust, first communication circuits 104 can receive ata lower transmitting power 114-20. By doing so, performance of secondcommunication circuits 112 can improve, as there can be lessinterference due to first communication circuit transmissions. Further,there can be additional power savings. In the event first communicationcircuits 104 switch back to the Std1(non-FEC) mode, signals to firstcommunication circuits 104 can resume at a higher power level (e.g.,114-0).

In some embodiments, first communication circuits 104 of a combinationdevice 102 can switch between lower and higher reception power based onthe quality of the connection. Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 1F.

Referring to FIG. 1F, first communication circuits 104 can switch fromcommunicating with first type device 108-1 in the more robust modeStd1(FEC), to communicating with another first type device 108-2 in thesame robust mode Std1(FEC). However, a connection with first type device108-2 can be of lower quality than that of first type device 108-1. As aresult, first circuits 104 can receive signals at a higher receptionpower level 114-21, to thereby ensure sufficient quality for the linkwith first type device 108-2. A higher receiving power level 114-21 canbe the same as, or different than, receiving power 114-0 shown in FIG.1D, but is understood to be higher than 114-20 shown in FIG. 1E. In theevent first communication circuits 104 switch to another first typedevice communicating in same mode Std1(FEC) but with a higher qualityconnection (e.g., device 108-1), first communication circuits 104 candynamically switch back to lower power reception (e.g., 114-20).

It is understood that in some embodiments, a system can include thedynamic transmit power operations of both FIGS. 1A to 1C and FIGS. 1D to1F.

While embodiments can include systems with combination devices operatingaccording to any suitable standards, some embodiments can includesystems operating according to a first standard that frequency hopsbetween multiple first channels, and a second standard that transmitsacross a second channel that overlaps multiple first channels. FIGS. 2Ato 2D show examples of such embodiments.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a system 200 that includes aBT-WiFi combination device 202, a BT device 208-0 configured to operatein a BT low energy mode (BT LE), a BT device 208-1 configured to operatein a BT low energy coded PHY mode (BT LR), a first WiFi (peer) device210-0, and a second WiFi (peer) device 210-1.

Combination device 202 can include BT radio circuits 204 and WiFi radiocircuits 206. BT radio circuits 204 can establish a BT LE link with BTdevice 208-0 and a BT LR link with BT device 208-1. Further, BT radiocircuits 204 can generate status information indicating its current modeof operation (e.g., BT classic, BT LE, BT LR). Such status informationcan be communicated to, or make available for, WiFi circuits 206. Basedon the status information, WiFi radio circuits 206 can vary a WiFitransmit power when communicating with its peers 210-0/1.

Operations of the system 200 will now be described.

Referring to FIG. 2A, BT radio circuits 204 can communicate with BTdevice 208-1 over a BT LR link 214-1. Due to its redundancy, a BT LRlink 214-1 can be more reliable, and more resistant to interference fromWiFi transmissions. The presence and/or activity of the BT LR link canbe communicated to WiFi radio circuits 206 as status information 216-0.As but only two of many possible examples, such status data can be readfrom BT radio circuits 204 by WiFi radio circuits 206 (e.g., a registeror memory read) or transferred to WiFi radio circuits 206 by BT radiocircuits 204 (e.g., a register or memory write, a signal activation,etc.). In response to such status information, if not already doing so,WiFi radio circuits 206 can transmit at a higher power level 212-1. Inthe embodiment shown, a higher power level transmission 212-1 can reachboth WiFi devices 210-0/1.

Referring to FIG. 2B, BT radio circuits 204 can switch to communicatingwith BT device 208-0 over a BT LE link 214-0. A BT LE link 214-0 can bemore susceptible to interference than a BT LR link. The presence and/oractivity of the BT LE link can be communicated to WiFi radio circuits206 as status information 216-1. In response to such status information,WiFi radio circuits 206 can switch from the higher transmit power 212-1to a lower transmit power 212-0, reducing possible interference with theBT LE link 214-0. In the embodiment shown, a lower power leveltransmission 212-0 can reach WiFi device 210-0, but may not reach, ormay be too unreliable for, WiFi device 210-1. WiFi radio circuits 206can dynamically switch between higher and lower power levels as BT radiocircuits 204 switch between BT LE (or BT classic) links and BT LR links.

FIGS. 2C and 2D are diagrams showing a system 200′ and correspondingoperations according to additional embodiments. A system 200′ caninclude a BT-WiFi combination device 202, as well as BT devices 208-0/1and WiFi devices 210-0/1 as described for FIGS. 2A and 2B.

Combination device 202 can include BT radio circuits 204 and WiFi radiocircuits 206. BT radio circuits 204 can establish links with BT devices208 as described for FIGS. 2A and 2B. In addition, BT radio circuits 204can transmit at two different power levels.

Operations of the system 200′ will now be described.

Referring to FIG. 2C, BT radio circuits 204 can communicate with BTdevice 208-1 over a lower power BT LR link 214-20. That is, as BT radiocircuits 204 receive data for link 214-20, such transmissions can be ata lower of at least two different transmit power levels. Due to itscoded redundancy, a BT LR link 214-20 can be reliable, even at the lowerpower level. In addition, the BT LR link 214-20 can present lessinterference to any WiFi transmissions 212 (which can vary or not varyin power as described in FIGS. 2A and 2B). In some embodiments, BT radiocircuits 204 can selectively transmit at the lower power level inresponse to activity by WiFi radio circuits 206. That is, in response toan indication 216-2 from WiFi radio circuits 206 signaling a WiFitransmission (e.g., current or pending), BT radio circuits 204 canswitch from a higher transmission power level to a lower transmissionpower level.

Referring to FIG. 2D, BT radio circuits 204 can switch fromcommunicating with BT device 208-1 to communicating with BT device208-0, which can be configured for a BT LE link 214-1. Because a BT LElink 214-1 lacks coded redundancy, BT radio circuits 204 can receivedata at a higher BT receive power to ensure link reliability. In thisway, BT radio circuits 204 can dynamically receive data at higher andlower power levels as they switch between BT LE (or BT classic) linksand BT LR links.

While FIGS. 2A to 2D show BT—WiFi combination devices, alternateembodiments can include any other suitable communication circuits. Inone alternate embodiment, communication circuits can includeultrawideband (UWB) communication circuits (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4zstandard) operating in a low rate pulse (LRP) mode or high rate pulse(HRP) mode. A transmission power of collocated communication circuitscan vary a transmission power based on a mode of operation (HRP or LRP).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram 302 of a combination device 302 according toan embodiment. A combination device 302 can include differentcommunication circuits collocated in the same device. A combinationdevice 302 can include first communication circuits 304, secondcommunication circuits 306, first radio circuits 308-0, and second radiocircuits 308-1.

First communication circuits 304 can be wireless communication circuitscompatible with a first standard. First communication circuits 304 caninclude a mode control section 304-0 and a status section 304-1. A modecontrol section 304-0 can support at least two different modes ofoperation, including a mode that does not include FEC (W/O FEC) 316-0and a mode that does include FEC (W/ FEC) 316-1. In a W/ FEC mode 316-1,first communication circuits 304 can decode received data according toan FEC algorithm assumed to be running on a target device. A W/O FECmode 316-0 does not include such encoding.

A status section 304-1 can generate status values representing a stateof first communication circuits 304. Such status information caninclude, as but two of many possible examples, an operating mode of thefirst communication circuits 304 (i.e., W/O FEC or W/FEC) and/or iffirst communication circuits 304 are currently receiving in the W/FECmode (or when first communication circuits 304 are scheduled to receivein such a mode).

First radio circuits 308-0 can receive (and transmit) data according thefirst standard, which can include modes W/O FEC 316-0 and W/ FEC 316-1.

Second communication circuits 306 can be wireless communication circuitscompatible with a second standard. The second standard can share atransmission medium with the first standard. Second communicationcircuits 306 can include a power control section 306-0 which can varytransmission power in response to status information from status section304-1. In some embodiments, power control section 306-0 can switch froma lower transmission power to a higher transmission power when statusinformation indicates first communication circuits 304 operating inand/or currently receiving in the W/ FEC mode. Power control section306-0 can then dynamically return to the lower transmission power whenstatus information indicates first communication circuits 304 no longeroperating in and/or currently receiving in the W/FEC mode.

Second radio circuits 308-1 can transmit data according the secondstandard. Such a transmission can be at a higher or lower transmissionpower based on power control section 306-0.

In some embodiments, a combination device 302 can be a single integratedcircuit device. In some embodiments, first and second communicationcircuits (302 and 304) can be formed in a same integrated circuitsubstrate.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram 402 of a combination device 402 according toanother embodiment. A device 402 can include different communicationcircuits collocated in the same device, including first communicationcircuits 404, second communication circuits 406, first radio circuits408-0, and second radio circuits 408-1.

First communication circuits 404 can include sections like those shownin FIG. 3 , and so a description of such sections will not be repeated.Unlike FIG. 3 , first communication circuits 404 also include a powercontrol section 404-1 that can switch a reception power (e.g., receptionpower limit) of first radio circuits 408-0 between two different levels.In some embodiments, power control section 404-1 can switch to a lowerreception power when status information indicates first communicationcircuits 404 are switching to the W/ FEC mode.

First radio circuits 408-0 can transmit data according the firststandard, including in mode W/O FEC 416-0 or mode W/ FEC 416-1. Further,based on power control section 404-0, receptions in mode W/ FEC 416-1can be at a lower power level than transmissions in mode W/O FEC 416-0.

Second communication circuits 406 can be wireless communication circuitscompatible with a second standard. The second standard can share atransmission medium with the first standard. Second communicationcircuits 406 may or may not include sections like those of 306 shown inFIG. 3 .

In some embodiments, a combination device 402 can be a single integratedcircuit device. In some embodiments, first and second communicationcircuits (402 and 404) can be formed in a same integrated circuitsubstrate.

Embodiments can include combination device with collocated communicationcircuits of any suitable type. However, in some embodiments acombination device can have communication circuits that frequency hopsbetween first channels, collocated with other communication circuits thetransmit across a second channel that overlaps multiple first channels.FIG. 5 shows an example of such an embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a combination device 502 according toanother embodiment. In some embodiments, device 502 can be oneimplementation of either of those shown in FIG. 3 or 4 . A combinationdevice 502 can include BT communication circuits 504, WiFi communicationcircuits 506, BT radio circuits 508-0, WiFi radio circuits 508-1, andinput/output (I/O) circuits 518.

BT communication circuits 504 can be circuits compatible with a BTstandard, and can include a BT mode control section 504-0, a BT statussection 504-1, and BT power control section 504-2. A BT mode controlsection 504-0 can include circuits that enable BT communication circuits504 to operate in a BT “classic” mode 516-2 (i.e., 80 1 MHz channels),BT LE mode 516-0 (40 2 MHz channels with no FEC coding), and a BT LRmode 516-1 (40 2 MHz channels with S=2 or S=8 FEC encoding).

A BT status section 504-1 can store information indicating a status ofthe BT communication circuits 504-0. According to embodiments, suchstatus information can include, but is not limited to, any of: a currentmode of operation (e.g., BT Classic, BT LE, BT LR), BT transmissionstatus (e.g., transmitting, or a time indication as when BTtransmissions are to occur), a BT LE mode, information for a current BTlink, or an indication that WiFi communication circuits 506 can transmitat a higher power level. Status information can be transmitted to WiFicommunication circuits 506 and/or can be accessed by the same.

A BT power control section 504-2 can vary a BT reception power limitsbased on BT status information from BT status section 504-1. In someembodiments, BT power transmission level can be varied based on a typeof BT LR link. In some embodiments, if a BT LR link has a predeterminedlevel of quality, BT transmission power can be reduced for such a link.In some embodiments, a quality of the link can be determined based onerror data. Error data can be generated in any suitable manner, and insome embodiments can include a packet error rate and/or results ofchecking CRC values. Error data for a link can be generated by thecombination device 502, the other BT device of the link, or acombination of both.

BT radio circuits 508-0 can include circuits for transmitting on atleast the 2.4 GHz band according to a BT standard, including BT Classic,BT LE and BT LR. BT radio circuits 508-0 can also vary a transmissionpower according to BT power control section 504-2.

WiFi communication circuits 506 can include a WiFi operations section506-1 and a WiFi power control section 506-0. A WiFi operations section506-1 can include circuits that enable WiFi communication circuits 506to operate according to one or more IEEE 802.11 wireless standards forthe 2.4 GHz ISM band.

A WiFi power control section 506-0 can vary a WiFi transmission powerbased on BT status information 516 from BT status section 504-1. In someembodiments, WiFi power can be varied based on a type of BT link. Insome embodiments, if a BT LR link is active, WiFi transmission power canbe increased. Once BT communication circuits 504 switch to a differenttype of link (e.g., switch to a BT Classic or BT LE link), WiFi powercan be reduced. In some embodiments, WiFi transmission power can beincreased only if a BT LR link is of sufficient quality. In someembodiments, a quality of the BT LR link can be determined as describedfor BT power control section 504-2.

WiFi radio circuits 508-1 can include circuits for transmitting on atleast the 2.4 GHz band according to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards.WiFi radio circuits 508-1 can adjust a power transmission level based onWiFi power control section 506-0.

I/O circuits 518 can enable control of combination device 502 fromsources external to the combination device 502. I/O circuits 518 canenable communication with the combination device 502 according to anysuitable method, including but not limited to: serial digital interface(SDI), universal serial bus (USB), universal asynchronous receivertransmitter (UART), I²C, or I²S.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a combination device 602 according toanother embodiment. In some embodiments, combination device 602 can bean implementation of any of those shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 . A combinationdevice 602 can include a BT section 604 and a WiFi section 606. A BTsection 604 can include a processor section 622, a memory section 620,BT control circuits 626, media control circuits 624, first I/O circuits618-0, and BT RF circuits 608-0.

A processor section 622 can execute instructions for BT operations,including a BT mode reporting function 622-1 that can generate BT statusinformation as described herein or equivalents. A memory section 620 canstore data for BT operations, including the BT status information 620-0.In some embodiments, a memory section 620 can also store identifyinginformation for any BT devices having a high-quality BT LR link(referred to as “in range” BT LR devices) 620-1. An “in range” BT LRdevice can be a device that connects to the combination device 602 witha BT LR link that is of sufficient quality, that WiFi transmissions at ahigher power do not affect the BT LR link. In some embodiments, BT modereporting function 622-1 can transmit BT status information 620-0 toWiFi section 606.

BT control circuits 626 can include circuits for performing functionsaccording to one or more BT standards, and can include a mode controlsection 604-0 and dynamic BT power section 604-2. Mode control section604-0 can include circuits for operating BT section 604 in a BT classicmode 616-2 and BT low energy modes 616-0, including a BT LE mode, aswell as a BT LR mode (shown as coded PHY) 616-1. Dynamic BT powersection 604-2 can generate reception power limits for BT RF circuits608-0 based on a BT mode of operation. In some embodiments, dynamic BTpower section 604-2 can access BT status information 620-0 or the “inrange” BT LR device information 620-1. As a BT section 604 switchesbetween different modes of operation, dynamic power control section604-2 can vary a reception power limit for BT RF circuits 608-0.

BT RF circuits 608-0 can be controlled by BT control circuits 626 andcan include radio circuits to enable transmission of packets accordingto one or more BT standards. In the embodiment shown, BT RF circuits608-0 can drive one or more BT power amplifiers (PA) 634-0 and receiveinput signals from a BT low noise amplifier (LNA) 632-0. BT PA(s) 634-0can operate at two or more different power levels, with the power levelsbeing determined by dynamic BT power control circuits 604-2.

Media control circuits 624 can communicate with WiFi section 606 overbridge 650 to control access to a transmission media (e.g., 2.4 GHzband). First I/O circuits 618-0 can enable communication with thecombination device 602 according to any of the embodiments describedherein or equivalents.

Processor section 622, memory section 620, BT control circuits 626,media control circuit 624, and first I/O circuits 618-0 can communicatewith one another over a bus 628.

A WiFi section 606 can include a processor section 638, a memory section636, second I/O circuits 618-1, IEEE 802.11 circuits 644, bridge controlcircuit 642, and WiFi radio circuits 608-1. A processor section 638 canexecute instructions for WiFi operations, including dynamicallycontrolling a power of WiFi transmissions 606-0 and detecting a BT modeof operation 638-0. A BT mode detect function 638-0 can determine a modeof operation for BT section 604. In some embodiments, this can includeaccessing or receiving BT status information 620-0. Dynamic WiFi powercontrol section 606-0 can generate a transmission power indication forWiFi RF circuits 608-1 based on a BT mode of operation.

Second I/O circuits 618-1 can enable communication with the combinationdevice 602 according to any of the embodiments described herein orequivalents, including communications with a BT section 604 over bridge650. Bridge control circuit 642 can control communications between BTsection 604 and WiFi section 606 over bridge 650.

IEEE 802.11 circuits 644 can include circuits for performing functionsaccording to one or more IEEE 802.11 wireless standards, including thoseoperating in the 2.4 and 5 GHz band. In some embodiments, this caninclude IEEE 802.11 compatible media access control (MAC) layer circuits644-0 and IEEE 802.11 compatible physical interface layer (PHY) circuits644-1.

WiFi RF circuits 608-1 can include multi-band radio circuits thattransmit and receive data on one or more WiFi bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5GHz). In the embodiment shown, WiFi RF circuits 608-1 can drive one ormore 2.4 GHz band PA(s) 634-1, a 5 GHz band PA 634-2-5, and receiveinput signals from a 2.4 GHz LNA 632-1-2 and a 5 GHz LNA 632-2. PA(s)634-1 for the 2.4 GHz band are capable of transmitting at a lower andhigher power level, based on dynamic WiFi power control 606-0.

A combination device 602 can also include a global coexistence interface(GCI) 652 connected to both the BT section 604 and WiFi section 606. Insome embodiments, GCI 652 can enable a combination device to interfacewith other wireless systems, such as cellular network systems, includingbut not limited to 3G, 4G, LTE and 5G networks.

Processor section 622, bridge control circuit 434, and IEEE 802.11circuits 444 can be connected to one another over a backplane 640.

A combination device 602 can connect to an antenna system 654. Antennasystem 654 can include one or more physical antennas, as well asswitches for enabling different connections to such antennas.

While the described systems and devices have disclosed various methodsaccording to embodiments, additional methods will be described withreference to a number of flow diagrams. FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of amethod 760 according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, a method 760is executable by a combination device, such as those described herein,or equivalents.

A method 760 can include determining that a transmission according to asecond standard (STD2) is ready to be executed 760-0. Such an action caninclude a device receiving a payload for wireless transmission accordingto the second standard and ensuring a transmission medium is availablefor the transmission. In some embodiments, this can include following acontention-based protocol (e.g., carrier sense multiple access withcollision detection).

A method 760 can include determining if transmissions according to afirst standard (STD1) are occurring 760-1. If transmissions according tothe first standard are occurring (Y from 760-1), a method 760 candetermine if the first standard transmissions are according to a modethat includes FEC 760-2. If the first standard mode includes FEC (Y from760-2) or transmission according to the first standard are not takingplace (N from 760-1), a method 760 can transmit according to the secondstandard at a higher power level 760-4. A method 760 can then return to760-0.

If the mode according to the first standard does not include FEC (N from760-2), a method 760 can transmit according to the second standard at alower power level 760-3. A method 760 can then return to 760-0.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a method 860 according to anotherembodiment. In some embodiments, a method 860 can be executed by WiFicircuits of a BT-WiFi combination device, such as those describedherein, or equivalents.

A method 860 can include determining if a WiFi transmission is to takeplace 860-0. Such an action can include a combination device receivingpayload data and forming one or more data units (e.g., PPDU) fortransmission according to an IEEE 802.11 standard in the 2.4 GHz band.If a WiFi transmission is not to take place (N from 860-0), a method 860can return to waiting for a WiFi transmission to take place (860-0).

If a WiFi transmission is to take place (Y from 860-0), a method 860 candetermine if BT transmission are active 860-1. Such an action caninclude WiFi circuits accessing or receiving BT status information asdescribed herein, or equivalents. If BT transmissions are active (Y from860-1), a method 860 can include determining if BT circuits areoperating in the BT LR mode 860-3.

If BT circuits are operating in the BT LR mode (Y from 860-3) or BTcircuits are not active (N from 860-1), WiFi circuits can transmit at ahigher power level 860-2. In some embodiments, this can be a WiFiextended range mode. A method 860 can then return to 860-0.

If BT circuits are not operating in the BT LR mode (N from 860-3) WiFicircuits can transmit at a lower power level 860-4. A method 860 canthen return to 860-0.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method 960 according to anotherembodiment. In some embodiments, a method 960 can be executed by BTcircuits of a BT-WiFi combination device, such as those describedherein, or equivalents.

A method 960 can include determining if a BT link has been established960-0. Such an action can include a combination device advertising forlinks to other BT devices and then responding to a connection request,or a combination device responding to such an advertisement from anotherBT device. If a BT link is not established, a method 960 can continue towait for a BT link (960-0).

If a BT link is established (Y from 960-0), a method 960 can determinetype of link 960-1. Such an action can include BT circuits following BTprotocols, including the exchanging of control protocol data units. If alink is not a BT LR link (OTHER from 960-1), a method 960 can return to960-0.

If a link is a BT LR link (BT LE Coded PHY from 960-1), a method 960 candetermine if the link is active 960-3. Such an action an include simplydetermining the link continues to exist. However, in other embodiment,such an action can include determining if such transmissions areoccurring on the link and/or determining when such transmissions are tooccur. If the BT LR link is active (Y from 960-3), a method 960 cannotify WiFi circuits of the status and/or make such informationavailable to WiFi circuits 960-4. In some embodiments, this can includetransmitting a signal or data to WiFi circuits over a bus or the like.In addition or alternatively, this can include storing such anindication for access by WiFi circuits.

After notifying WiFi circuits of the status of a BT LR link and/or makesuch information available to WiFi, or if the BT LR link is not active(N from 960-3), a method 960 can determine if the BT LR link isdeactivated 960-5. If the BT LR link is not deactivated (N from 960-5) amethod 960 can return to 960-3. If the BT LR link is deactivated (Y from960-5) a method 960 can return to 960-0. Optionally, a method 960 cannotify WiFi circuits that the BT LR link is deactivated 960-6.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a method 1060 according to anotherembodiment. In some embodiments, a method 1060 can be executed by BTcircuits of a BT-WiFi combination device such as those described herein,or equivalents.

A method 1060 can test a quality of a BT LR link, and assign a lower BTreception power level limit to the link if it is of sufficient quality.A method 960 can include the establishment of a BT LR link 1060-0. Amethod 1060 can then receive at a lower power level limit on the link1060-1. With BT receptions occurring at the lower power level limit, amethod 1060 can determine a quality of the link 1060-3. Such an actioncan include determining BT link quality according to any suitablemethod, including but not limited to monitoring a PER of the link, orCRC codes of packets transmitted over the link. Optionally, a qualitydetermination 1060-3 can be made while WiFi circuits are active 1060-2.A quality level can vary according to application. As but one example,an application may have a minimum data throughput rate.

If the BT LR link is not of sufficient quality (N from 1060-3), a higherBT reception power limit can be assigned to the link 1060-4. If the BTLR link is of sufficient quality (Y from 1060-3), a lower BT receptionpower limit can be assigned to the link 1060-6. A method 1060 can thenreceive over the BT LR link at the assigned power level limit 1060-6. Inthe case of the lower power level limit, such an action can provide abetter environment for operations of collocated WiFi circuits. Inaddition, there can be greater power savings.

A method 1060 can determine if the BT LR link has ended 1060-7. If theBT LR link has not ended (N from 1060-7), a method 1060 can continue toreceive over the link at the assigned power level limit. If the BT LRlink has ended (Y from 1060-7), a method 1060 can return to 1060-0.

While embodiments can take any suitable form, some embodiments can beadvantageously compact single integrated circuits (i.e., chips). FIG. 11shows a packaged single chip combination device 1102 according such anembodiment. However, it is understood that a combination device caninclude any other suitable integrated circuit packaging type, as well asdirect bonding of a combination device chip onto a circuit board orsubstrate. A combination device 1102 can include first and secondcommunication circuits that can share a band. One of the communicationcircuits can alter the power of transmissions based on whether aconnection is more robust due to a coding method for the data (e.g.,redundancy, including FEC).

While embodiments can include systems of any suitable application, asystem according to one embodiment will now be described in detail. FIG.12 shows an Internet-of-Things (IoT) type system 1200 according to anembodiment. A system 1200 can include a BT-WiFi combination device 1202,various other IoT devices 1208-0 to -2 and 1210-0/1. Combination device1202 can include a BT circuits 1204 and WiFi circuits 1206 as describedherein, or equivalents.

IoT device 1208-0 can be configured for a BT LE connection 1214-0 withBT circuits 1204. IoT devices 1208-1/2 can be configured for BT LRconnections 1214-20 and 1214-21 respectively, with BT circuits 1204. IoTdevices 1208-0/1 can be within a standard BT range 1211-0 for thesystem/environment, while IoT device 1208-2 can be at an extended BTrange 1211-1. The extended range 1211-1 can be achieved using a BT LRconnection, and not a BT classic or BT LE connection.

IoT devices 1210-0/1 can be configured for WiFi connections 1212-0/1respectively, with WiFi circuits 1206. IoT device 1210-0 can be within astandard WiFi range 1211-2, and in the embodiment shown, can be agateway device for accessing a server or the like. IoT device 1210-1 canbe beyond the standard WiFi range 1211-2, and so can be reached by WiFicircuits 1206 transmitting at an increased power level.

According to embodiments, a transmission power of WiFi circuits 1206and/or reception power of BT circuits 1204 can be dynamically changedaccording to the type of BT link.

In the case of dynamic WiFi transmission power, while BT circuits 1204are communicating via BT LE link 1214-0 or BT LR (extended range) link1214-21, WiFi circuits 1206 can transmit at a lower power, and so maynot reach IoT device 1208-1. However, once BT circuits 1204 switch to“in range” BT LR link 1214-20, WiFi circuits 1206 can transmit at ahigher power, and thus reliably reach extended range IoT device 1208-1.Once BT circuits 1204 return to the BT LE link 1214-0 or BT LR (extendedrange) link 1214-21, WiFi circuits 1206 can return to the lowertransmission power.

In the case of dynamic BT reception power, while BT circuits 1204 arecommunicating via BT LE link 1214-0 or BT LR (extended range) link1214-21, BT reception can occur at a higher power. However, once BTcircuits 1204 switch to “in range” BT LR link 1214-20, BT circuits 1204can receive at a lower power, as the coding (e.g., FEC) can ensure areliable link.

Embodiments described herein are in contrast to conventional approaches,in which transmission power of WiFi circuits is limited to ensurenon-interference with collocated BT circuits. This can result increaseddata throughput for both WiFi and BT circuits, as well as greater rangedevices. Embodiments described herein are also in contrast toconventional approaches, in which transmission power of BT circuitsremains constant over all connection types (e.g., BT classic, BT LE, BTLR), and thus can consume less power.

It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to“one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the present invention.Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or morereferences to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternativeembodiment” in various portions of this specification are notnecessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, theparticular features, structures or characteristics may be combined assuitable in one or more embodiments of the invention.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description ofexemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of theinvention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure,or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosureaiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventiveaspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted asreflecting an intention that the claims require more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, inventive aspects lie in lessthan all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, theclaims following the detailed description are hereby expresslyincorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing onits own as a separate embodiment of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: first communicationcircuits configured to in a first mode of operation, receive data unitsover first channels without encoding for forward error correction (FEC)at a receiving device, and in a second mode of operation, receive dataunits over the first channels with encoding for FEC at a receivingdevice; and second communication circuits coupled to the firstcommunication circuits, and configured to transmit data units across asecond channel at a first power level if the first communicationcircuits are operating in the second mode of operation, and transmitdata units across the second channel at a second power level, lower thanthe first power level, if the first communication circuits are operatingin the first mode of operation.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein thefirst communication circuits transmissions are compatible with aBluetooth Low Energy standard in the first mode of operation and aBluetooth Low Energy Long Range (encoded PHY) standard in the secondmode of operation.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the secondcommunication circuits transmissions are compatible with at least oneIEEE 802.11 wireless standard.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein: thefirst communication circuits are configured to in the first mode ofoperation, transmit configuration data to another device to transmit tothe first communication circuits at a third power level, and in thesecond mode of operation, transmit configuration data to the otherdevice to transmit to the first communication circuits at a fourth powerlevel lower than the third power level.
 5. The device of claim 1,wherein the first communication circuits are configured to receive dataunits from another device that indicates if the other device can operatein the second mode of operation.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein thesecond communication circuits include power amplifier circuitsconfigured to transmit at a plurality of different powers, including thefirst power level and the second power level.
 7. The device of claim 1,wherein the first communication circuits and second communicationcircuits are part of a same integrated circuit device.
 8. The device ofclaim 1, wherein a plurality of the first wireless channels overlap thesecond wireless channel.
 9. A system, comprising: a combination devicethat includes first communication circuits configured to establish awireless communication link with first type devices according to a firstmode or a second mode, the first mode including receiving data unitsover a set of first channels without encoding for forward errorcorrection (FEC), and the second mode including receiving data unitsover the first channels with encoding for FEC, and second communicationcircuits configured to establish a wireless communication link withsecond type devices over at least a second channel that overlaps aplurality of first channels, transmit data units over the second channelat a first power level if the first communication circuits are operatingin the second mode, and transmit data units over the second channel at asecond power level lower than the first power level if the firstcommunication circuits are operating in the first mode.
 10. The systemof claim 9, further including: at least one first type device incommunication with the combination device according to the first mode orthe second mode; and at least one second type device in communicationwith the combination device over the second channel.
 11. The system ofclaim 10, further including: the at least one first type device andcombination device form a network compatible with a Bluetooth standard;and the at least one second type device and the combination device arepart of a basic service set compatible with an IEEE 802.11 wirelessstandard.
 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one firsttype device is configured to transmit at a third power level in thefirst mode and transmit at a fourth power level in the second mode, thefourth power level being greater than the third power level.
 13. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the first communication circuits and secondcommunication circuits are formed with a same integrated circuitsubstrate.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the second communicationcircuits are further configurable to communicate across at least a thirdband that does not overlap the second channel and does not overlap thefirst channels.
 15. A system, comprising: at least a combinationwireless device that includes first communication circuits compatiblewith at least a first wireless standard that transmits data over aplurality of different first channels, the first communication circuitsformed with a substrate and configured to communicate over a first linkwith packets that do not include forward error correction (FEC), andcommunicate over a second link with packets that include FEC; and secondcommunication circuits compatible with at least a second wirelessstandard that transmit packets over at least one second channel thatoverlaps a plurality of the first channels, the second communicationcircuits formed with the substrate and configured to transmit packetsacross the second channel at a first power level if the second link isactive and the first link is not active, and transmit packets across thesecond channel at a second power level, lower than the first powerlevel, if the first link is active.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein:the first wireless standard includes at least a Bluetooth standard; andthe second wireless standard include at least one IEEE 802.11 wirelessstandard.
 17. The system of claim 15, further including: the firstcommunication circuits are further configured to communicate over athird link with packets that include FEC; and the second communicationcircuits are further configured to transmit packets across the secondchannel at a third power level lower than the first power level when thethird link is active.
 18. The system of claim 17, further including: asecond wireless device in communication with the combination wirelessdevice over the second link that transmits packets at a third powerlevel; and a third wireless device in communication with the combinationdevice over the third link that transmits packets at a fourth powerlevel that is lower than the third power level.
 19. The system of claim15, wherein: the combination wireless device further includes statuscircuits configured to determine a status of communication linksaccording to the first wireless standard, and the second communicationcircuits are coupled to the status circuits.
 20. The system of claim 15,further including: a second wireless device configured to establish acommunication link with the combination wireless device according to thefirst wireless standard, in response to the communication link beingbelow a first quality standard, transmitting packets over the first linkthat include FEC, and in response to the communication link being abovethe first quality standard, transmitting packets over the first linkthat do not include FEC.